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Research stream 2

RS2: Regional context: Regional migration governance regimes, flows, and processes in non-Western settings focus on (emerging) regional migration patterns, tendencies, and dynamics in the context of non-Western migration locales. The focus on regional migration is driven by the understanding that international migration is regionalized, meaning that migration and mobility take place predominantly

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/research-streams/research-stream-2 - 2026-10-31

Research stream 3

RS3: National context: Migration governance in non-Western, non-democratic migration locales  examines the interplay between (a) immigration laws and policies and (b) migrants’ experiences in non-Western, non-democratic migration locales. The analysis of these processes requires us to adopt to a context-sensitive approach due to the fact that many non-Western migrant-receiving countries are nondem

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/research-streams/research-stream-3 - 2026-10-31

Consortium

The MARS project is implemented through a broad international network of academic institutions, policy organisations, and civil society actors. Project partners are organised into two categories, reflecting their formal role in the Horizon Europe project structure: Beneficiaries Institutions that are signatories to the Horizon Europe Grant Agreement and are formally responsible for the implementat

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/consortium - 2026-10-31

Associated Partners

University of Zurich University of Tsukuba University of Bristol Kurultai PE General Prosecutor’s Office of the Republic of Uzbekistan The American University in Cairo (AUC) Tashkent State University of Law University of the Western Cape The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy Universitas Gadjah Mada Public Foundation "Vatandoshlar” Nazarbayev University University of Ghana Universidad Torcuato D

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/consortium/associated-partners - 2026-10-31

Book Chapters

Kangaspuro, L. (2025). Guest Editor of a Special Issue. Introduction: Post-Soviet Migration across Destination Contexts: Integration, Belonging, and Transformation . Region: Regional Studies of Russia, Eastern Europe, and Central Asia , 14(2), 123-128. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1353/reg.2025.a987458   Heusala, Anna-Liisa, Kaarina Aitamurto, and Sherzod Eraliev. (2024). ‘Introduction: The Mutual I

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/publications/book-chapters - 2026-10-31

Project Rationale

Why POLCA—and why now? The wave of democratic optimism that accompanied the end of the Cold War has been tempered by a global expansion of authoritarian rule and hybrid governance forms. In many post‑socialist societies, formal legal transplants and institution‑building have coexisted with persistent informal orders and low trust in state institutions. Mainstream reform strategies, often designed

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/project/project-rationale - 2026-10-31

Books

Edited Volumes, Monographs and Research Reports  Heusala, A.-L., Aitamurto, K. and Eraliev, S., 2024. Global Migration and Illiberalismin Russia, Eurasia, and Eastern Europe. Helsinki: Helsinki University Press. DOI:   https://doi.org/10.33134/HUP-26 Eraliev, Sh. (Ed.). (2025). Migration Governance Beyond the West: Historical Legacies, Contemporary Trends, and Future Trajectories.  Media-Tryck, Lu

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/publications/books - 2026-10-31

Working Papers

Genc, H. D., & Kahraman, F. B. (2026). Methodology and Semi-Structured Interview Questions of the Study: Migration Direction within the Social Determinants of Health Framework: International Students in Türkiye and South–South Mobility [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18712169

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/publications/working-papers - 2026-10-31

Journal Articles

Sherzod Eraliev ,  Rustamjon Urinboyev ,  Daniyar Kaldiyarov ,  Azamat Mukhtarov ,  Daniya Nurmukhankyzy (2024).  Legal, illegal, digital Usbekische Migranten in Russland und der Türkei in ”Fließbild Politik und Gesellschaft in Zentralasien”. Osteuropa 8-10/2024. Manfred Sapper, Volker Weichsel (Hg.). ISBN: 3-8305-5630-5   Eraliev, S., & Urinboyev, R. (2024). Social Media, Anti-Corruption Activism

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/publications/journal-articles - 2026-10-31

Home

SOCIAL Sociology of Authoritarian Law: Insights from Central Asia POLCA The Political Economy of Legal and Governance Reform in Non-Western Societies. Insights from Central Asia MARS Non-Western Migration Regimes in a Global Perspective MOCCA Multilevel Orders of Corruption in Central Asia CENTRAL ASIAN LAW Legal Cultures and Business Environments in Central Asia MINARET A Sociology of Post-Imperi

https://www.norca.lu.se/home - 2026-10-31

Research Stream 1

International and Regional Norms, Initiatives, Discourses, Institutions Reading contested norm entrepreneurship in Eurasia Research Stream 1 investigates how international and regional norm entrepreneurs shape, contest, and transform Central Asia’s governance landscape. Western actors—EU member states, international organizations, and development agencies—diffuse rule‑of‑law, human rights, and goo

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/research-streams/research-stream-1 - 2026-10-31

Research Stream 2

National/Central‑Level Processes, Initiatives, Policies, Laws Inside hybrid legality: executive by‑laws, parallel sectors, and reform trajectories Research Stream 2 explores the inner workings of national legal design and governance in Central Asia. It focuses on alternative, non‑Western, and traditional structures; executive decrees and by‑laws that create parallel governance sectors; administrat

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/research-streams/research-stream-2 - 2026-10-31

Research Stream 3

Local Meso‑/Micro‑Level Institutions, Actors, Social Norms, Practices Everyday orders: morality, trust, and compliance beyond formal venues Research Stream 3 turns to the everyday arenas where citizens, entrepreneurs, civil society actors, and low‑level officials navigate ethics, legality, respectability, solidarity, and stigma. It studies societal watchdogs, informal mobilization, legal pluralism

https://www.norca.lu.se/polca/research-streams/research-stream-3 - 2026-10-31

Aims

Our project aims at increasing the fellows' capacity to produce innovative and original research, at establishing long lasting partnerships among the institutions and research teams involved and creating new networks of contacts among partners from different sectors and world regions that would otherwise have few chances to interact. Knowledge sharing mechanisms are thoroughly interrelated with th

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/project/aims - 2026-10-31

Methodological approach

In order to address our research aims and questions and meet both the research and training objectives, the project employs a research and training programme with large components of self-learning through an in-depth empirical examination of migration governance and migrants’ experiences in non-Western migration locales. Reflecting on the multilevel perspective (global, regional and national level

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/project/methodological-approach - 2026-10-31

Novelty

The novelty of MARS, and its innovation potential, is rooted in its approach comprising:  1) A solid international consortium, with participants based in 18 countries, involving leading specialists studying migratory processes in non-Western migration hubs, such as the Middle East, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, the Balkans, North Africa, the Gulf States, West and Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America,

https://www.norca.lu.se/mars/project/novelty - 2026-10-31